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GALAD Model Calculator

GALAD Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Understanding the GALAD Model

The GALAD model is a validated scoring system that calculates the probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. It combines Gender, Age, and three serum biomarkers: AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP (PIVKA-II). The model has shown excellent diagnostic accuracy with AUROC of 0.97-0.98 in validation studies.

Clinical Performance

The model has demonstrated:

  • Sensitivity up to 97% when optimized for maximum sensitivity
  • Specificity up to 97% when optimized for maximum specificity
  • Overall accuracy of 88-91% in correct classification
  • Strong performance in both early and late stage HCC

Clinical Applications

The GALAD model is particularly useful for:

  • Screening high-risk patients with chronic liver disease
  • Early detection of HCC
  • Enhancing ultrasound screening effectiveness
  • Risk assessment in surveillance programs

Factors Affecting Biomarkers

AFP and AFP-L3 can be affected by

  • Liver inflammation
  • Pregnancy
  • Certain medications
  • Other liver conditions

DCP can be affected by

  • Vitamin K deficiency
  • Anticoagulation therapy
  • Liver dysfunction

Start calculating now to better assess HCC risk!

References:

  1. Johnson PJ, et al. The detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using a prospectively developed and validated model based on serological biomarkers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(1):144-153.