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GALAD Model Calculator

GALAD Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Understanding the GALAD Model

The GALAD model is a validated scoring system that calculates the probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. It combines Gender, Age, and three serum biomarkers: AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP (PIVKA-II). The model has shown excellent diagnostic accuracy with AUROC of 0.97-0.98 in validation studies.

Clinical Performance

The model has demonstrated:

  • Sensitivity up to 97% when optimized for maximum sensitivity
  • Specificity up to 97% when optimized for maximum specificity
  • Overall accuracy of 88-91% in correct classification
  • Strong performance in both early and late stage HCC

Clinical Applications

The GALAD model is particularly useful for:

  • Screening high-risk patients with chronic liver disease
  • Early detection of HCC
  • Enhancing ultrasound screening effectiveness
  • Risk assessment in surveillance programs

Important Considerations

When using the GALAD score:

  • Results should be interpreted by healthcare professionals
  • Consider alongside imaging studies and clinical findings
  • Regular monitoring may be necessary for high-risk patients
  • Individual risk factors should be taken into account

Limitations

This calculator has several limitations:

  • Requires further validation in routine clinical practice
  • Performance may vary across different populations
  • Not a replacement for imaging studies
  • Should be used as part of comprehensive clinical assessment

Tips for Accurate Results

  1. Use recent laboratory values
  2. Ensure correct units for measurements
  3. Verify all input values
  4. Consider repeat testing if results are unexpected

Factors Affecting Biomarkers

AFP and AFP-L3 can be affected by

  • Liver inflammation
  • Pregnancy
  • Certain medications
  • Other liver conditions

DCP can be affected by

  • Vitamin K deficiency
  • Anticoagulation therapy
  • Liver dysfunction

Start calculating now to better assess HCC risk!

References:

  1. Johnson PJ, et al. The detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using a prospectively developed and validated model based on serological biomarkers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(1):144-153.